Thursday, December 30, 2010

Famosas Mexicanas Culiando



Famosas Mexicanas Culiando



Thursday, December 23, 2010

What Does A Chip Do For A Truck

Cheque Presentation for the National Youth Association

On Friday, December 10, 2010 was held in the hall Erckmann, the issuance of awards from the Office of Sport for athletes Lunévillois.
At the ceremony, our association has received a € 500 check representing the proceeds of the refreshments held at the Sports Day, 29 September 2010 + plus a donation of Wheelchair Luneville, which had won the support of best stand on the same day.
A big thank you to the Office of Sport and Wheelchair Luneville.

What Does A Chip Do For A Truck

Cheque Presentation for the National Youth Association

On Friday, December 10, 2010 was held in the hall Erckmann, the issuance of awards from the Office of Sport for athletes Lunévillois.
At the ceremony, our association has received a € 500 check representing the proceeds of the refreshments held at the Sports Day, 29 September 2010 + plus a donation of Wheelchair Luneville, which had won the support of best stand on the same day.
A big thank you to the Office of Sport and Wheelchair Luneville.

Thursday, December 2, 2010

Scott Kay Artiste Regal Helzberg



Advances in science: the vision is now leading in the manufacture of artificial retinas for the blind. No doubt they will soon have the 3D ...

Before coming, I had a very positive image of Canada: a green country, people are friendly and polite ... in fact it is not so pretty as that. There is always more positive than negative (For my taste), but the large Canadian companies (forestry and mining) are anything but friendly and green.

After a scene in the next Jean-Marc Vallee in September, I made an extra in two scenes adaptation of "On The Road" Jack Kerouac of . In costumes, with many extras and details ... the term "movie magic" makes sense.

Playmobil, ahead of reality? They released a kit of airport control ... what a funny idea. Comments (English) worth it ...

4'33 de John Cage par un orchestre symphonique. (via Manur )

L'OSM jouait Wagner, Dvorak, et surtout (pour moi) avec le lauréat du concours OSM Standard Life (tout se réduit à la publicité, en Amérique du nord...), un violoniste canadien d'origine asiatique de 16 ans - dont le frère a gagné le même concours également au violon en 2004 - qui nous a joué le concerto pour violon de Sibelius.
1) Il semble que s'il y a une oeuvre pour violon à jouer à Montréal, c'est le Sibelius, si l'on veut conquérir le public du moins.
2) Les 2 lauréats québecois et canadien du concours de musique de Montréal earlier in the year were also of Asian origin. It's a stereotype, but as I said to the friend who invited me: they work culture.

The U.S. embassy in Ottawa has "warned" the Canadian Government and U.S. archives concerning confidential would be published by Wikileaks (of which there is much talk here these days).

Pascal Negro is a caveman in the digital age, with fingernails clinging to rotten branch he was involved in sawing. We knew it tells a lot of nonsense (he has only to read his blog, if it still exists), this time it is so much that it prompted a response Daniel Glazman.

I'm not the only one recognized myself (in the past now), or recognize a part of my surroundings in this article about thirtysomethings who gours of course. In France, where it focuses on theoretical knowledge for personal fulfillment, it is not trivial, and it is not ready to stop ...

Scott Kay Artiste Regal Helzberg



Advances in science: the vision is now leading in the manufacture of artificial retinas for the blind. No doubt they will soon have the 3D ...

Before coming, I had a very positive image of Canada: a green country, people are friendly and polite ... in fact it is not so pretty as that. There is always more positive than negative (For my taste), but the large Canadian companies (forestry and mining) are anything but friendly and green.

After a scene in the next Jean-Marc Vallee in September, I made an extra in two scenes adaptation of "On The Road" Jack Kerouac of . In costumes, with many extras and details ... the term "movie magic" makes sense.

Playmobil, ahead of reality? They released a kit of airport control ... what a funny idea. Comments (English) worth it ...

4'33 de John Cage par un orchestre symphonique. (via Manur )

L'OSM jouait Wagner, Dvorak, et surtout (pour moi) avec le lauréat du concours OSM Standard Life (tout se réduit à la publicité, en Amérique du nord...), un violoniste canadien d'origine asiatique de 16 ans - dont le frère a gagné le même concours également au violon en 2004 - qui nous a joué le concerto pour violon de Sibelius.
1) Il semble que s'il y a une oeuvre pour violon à jouer à Montréal, c'est le Sibelius, si l'on veut conquérir le public du moins.
2) Les 2 lauréats québecois et canadien du concours de musique de Montréal earlier in the year were also of Asian origin. It's a stereotype, but as I said to the friend who invited me: they work culture.

The U.S. embassy in Ottawa has "warned" the Canadian Government and U.S. archives concerning confidential would be published by Wikileaks (of which there is much talk here these days).

Pascal Negro is a caveman in the digital age, with fingernails clinging to rotten branch he was involved in sawing. We knew it tells a lot of nonsense (he has only to read his blog, if it still exists), this time it is so much that it prompted a response Daniel Glazman.

I'm not the only one recognized myself (in the past now), or recognize a part of my surroundings in this article about thirtysomethings who gours of course. In France, where it focuses on theoretical knowledge for personal fulfillment, it is not trivial, and it is not ready to stop ...

Monday, November 29, 2010

How Much Does A Curly Weave Cost

BEST WISHES TO ALL OF THE DELIVERY OF PRODUCT MARKET ARTS RAFFLE




For the 6th edition of the Arts Market dOrleans, organized by the association A.comArts, and for first time, was given a raffle to benefit the public subscription launched by the Heritage Foundation of Loiret for the restoration of the painting "Battle dAvigliana" for EXPOSURE Richelieu Museum of Fine Arts dOrleans from March 12 to June 13, 2011.
A spur this idea, the painter Orleans Capton gave an oil on canvas Toro 32x32cm into play during the Arts Market. Several hundred tickets have been sold to an enthusiastic audience for an amount of 920 euros. A.comArts the association has decided to increase this amount to the sum of 1000 euros.
It should be noted that this initiative has dunir contemporary artists and the audience Orleans in a process of support to the artistic heritage of the 18th century.
The draw has appointed Mr. Francis Paris, photographer Orleans.
Ceremony of the check took place on Thursday 25 November at 11:30 at Museum of Fine Arts dOrleans in the presence of Ms. Benedicta of Donker, assistant curator of the Museum, Mr. Eric Valette dOrleans Deputy Culture, Ms Marie-Therese Pilet-Duchateau dOrleans Deputy Mayor, Ms Françoise Labrette dA.comArts President, Monique Musson Vice-President of the Association of Friends dOrleans Museum, and Mr. Capton painter.

How Much Does A Curly Weave Cost

BEST WISHES TO ALL OF THE DELIVERY OF PRODUCT MARKET ARTS RAFFLE




For the 6th edition of the Arts Market dOrleans, organized by the association A.comArts, and for first time, was given a raffle to benefit the public subscription launched by the Heritage Foundation of Loiret for the restoration of the painting "Battle dAvigliana" for EXPOSURE Richelieu Museum of Fine Arts dOrleans from March 12 to June 13, 2011.
A spur this idea, the painter Orleans Capton gave an oil on canvas Toro 32x32cm into play during the Arts Market. Several hundred tickets have been sold to an enthusiastic audience for an amount of 920 euros. A.comArts the association has decided to increase this amount to the sum of 1000 euros.
It should be noted that this initiative has dunir contemporary artists and the audience Orleans in a process of support to the artistic heritage of the 18th century.
The draw has appointed Mr. Francis Paris, photographer Orleans.
Ceremony of the check took place on Thursday 25 November at 11:30 at Museum of Fine Arts dOrleans in the presence of Ms. Benedicta of Donker, assistant curator of the Museum, Mr. Eric Valette dOrleans Deputy Culture, Ms Marie-Therese Pilet-Duchateau dOrleans Deputy Mayor, Ms Françoise Labrette dA.comArts President, Monique Musson Vice-President of the Association of Friends dOrleans Museum, and Mr. Capton painter.

Thursday, November 25, 2010

Vacation Rentals Senior Week Ocean City Maryland

surrogates: extending the field of alienation

Signatories Note


Laure Adler, Sylviane Agacinski, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Danielle Bousquet, Laurent Bouvet, Nicole Bricq Alain Christnacht Alain Claes, Dominique To top of nayvi, Caroline De Haas, Laurence Dumont Caroline Eliacheff, Rene Frydman, Roger Godino, Elisabeth Guigou, Gisele Halimi, Benoit Hamon, Lionel Jospin, Daniele Jourdain-Menninger, Hakim El Karaoui, Laforestrie Bruno, Olivier Lyon-Caen, Bertrand Mabille, Philippe Mauguin, Nina Mitz, Jean Peyrelevade, Michel Rocard, Maurice Ronai, Sabban, Florence Schmidt Pariset, Catherine Tasca, Serge Telle, Jean-Philippe Thiellay, Jean-Noel Tronc, François Véron, François Villeroy de Galhau


They will be supporting the stance taken against the legalization of surrogacy in France:



Patricia Adam, Member of Finistère)
Delphine Batho, MP for Deux-Sevres
Marie-Odile Bouille, Member of the Loire-Atlantique
Monique Boulestin, Member of the Haute-Vienne
Crozon Pascale, MP Rhone
Michele Delaunay, Member of the Gironde
Bernard Derosier, MP North
Laurence Dumont, MP for Calvados

Martine Faure, Member of the Gironde
Genevieve Fioraso, Member of the Isere
Genisson Catherine, Member of the Pas-de-Calais
Armand Jung, Deputy of the Bas-Rhin
Marietta Karamanli, Deputy of the Sarthe
Catherine Quere, MP for the Charente-Maritime
Rogemont Marcel, MP, Ille-et-Vilaine
Marisol Touraine, Member of the Indre-et-Loire
Vuilque Philip, MP Ardennes
Guy Delcourt, Mayor Lens
Philippe Duron, MP for Calvados
Jean Yves the Déau t MP Meurthe et Moselle

Kader Arif, MEP
Stephane Le Foll, MEP


Nicole PERY, former Secretary of State for Women's Rights and Vocational Training
Laurence Rossignol, Vice-President of the Picardy Region, National Secretary to the Environment Socialist Party
Dominique Gillot, Mayor Eragny, former Secretary of State for Health
Clotilde Valter, a member of the National Socialist Party
Cecilia Escobar, Deputy Mayor of Cergy ;
Dominique Gillot, Mayor Eragny, former Secretary of State for Health
Alain Lhostis, Counsellor of Paris, former deputy president of the AP-HP from 2001 to 2008


Cecilia Alvergnat, former member of the CNIL
Jean-Claude Ameisen, Chairman of the Ethics Committee of INSERM
Constance Canivet
Agnes JEANNET
Brigitte Joseph Jeanneney IGAS
Bettina Laville, lawyer
Michela Marazano philosopher
Olga Trostiansky, president of the French Coalition lobby European Women (CLEF)

Si vous souhaitez vous joindre à cette démarche, vous pouvez écrire  à l'adresse suivante :  nonalagpa@gmail.com


Dans votre message, merci de préciser si vous souhaitez que votre nom apparaisse sur ce site, aux côtés  des actuels signataires.








Mères porteuses : extension du domaine de l'aliénation
(Synthèse de la note)



A l’approche de la révision de la loi bioéthique, plusieurs initiatives ont été prises ces derniers mois en faveur d’une légalisation des mères porteuses, ou gestation pour autrui (GPA), en France. Ainsi, deux propositions de loi allant dans ce sens ont été déposées en des termes identiques au Sénat le 27 janvier 2010. En février 2010, une note de la fondation Terra Nova, rédigée par un groupe de travail sur la bioéthique, s’est in favor of legalization.

Yet even within the foundation Terra Nova, some members of the board of directors and scientific advisory council has instead expressed strongly against the legalization of the practice France.

This paper arise from the interaction of a focus group involving people with different backgrounds, united in a common hostility to the idea of such legalization. It aims to expose the arguments of opponents This legalization and stresses the use of surrogate mothers is absolutely contrary to any kind of commitment "progressive."

This hostility is determined primarily based on the conviction that the use of surrogate mothers is part of a deeply reactionary logic for women's rights, in that it involves manipulation of the female body .

Far follow the logic of a "liberal parenting" in the words of his supporters, the use of surrogate mothers induces a regressive vision of parenthood, the superiority of the biological link that inevitably arises in other types of descent, particularly on adoption.

Wherever it has been legalized in the world, the practice of surrogacy in practice result in a new operation, radical in the sense that it is taking control over life a human being for nine months, and usually a relationship of inequality and alienation among affluent sponsors and surrogates often disadvantaged recruited by companies with market practices more or less detrimental to human dignity.

Its legalization would open the way for further questioned: giving power to others about the pregnancy of a woman, it could threaten the right to abortion by recognizing the right contract to dispose of her body to others, it would facilitate the emergence of a legal framework that would not fail to use the promoters of prostitution.

Through our work, based on a study concrete reality of surrogacy in the world, we arrive at this simple conclusion that there is no in-between as possible. The idea of a framework for the practice by its legalization is a chimera.

The practice, which exists in many countries for many years, led everywhere to the same consequences. Far from solving difficult cases, the legalization of surrogacy would cause a decline in the rule of law in France and cause painful conflicts between sponsors and surrogates, conflict whose victims are children.

The plight of parents who want but can not, having children must be heard. The answer lies in a responsible debate that recalls that there is no "right to a child, but also by improving the conditions of adoption, including international, for which France can act.

The desire of homosexuals who wish to access, they too, seamlessly, parenthood, should be taken into account, even if the relationship is homosexual debate Note that this does not settle. In addition, the realization of this desire by the adoption meet the limits, especially because of the ban on adoption by single people in many countries.

For those who call today to solutions which exist outside of France for use of surrogate mothers, they place themselves outside the law and they are complicit in practices that call disapproval, not recognition.

legalization of surrogacy in France would stop in rien les dégâts constatés à l’étranger. Elle nourrirait au contraire ce commerce du corps féminin qu’il faut combattre avec résolution, en particulier dans ses conséquences scandaleuses pour les femmes les plus défavorisées, celles des pays en voie de développement contraintes à cette nouvelle forme d’exploitation.

Demain, d’autres combats vont devoir être menés pour la cause des femmes et la défense des acquis progressistes. La disparition du servage et l’abolition de la domesticité au XVIIIème siècle, l’abolition définitive de l’esclavage au XIXème century, the end of the legal inferiority of women in the twentieth century are all essential steps in the march towards progress of French society. The inalienability of the human person must be dedicated to the twenty-first century.

Hopefully our country will stand firm in its rejection of catastrophic decline that would be the legalization of surrogate mothers, but also that we find the path to a truly progressive struggle, one that would see France engage in international action for the abolition of this practice retrograde.




Extracts from the note


1 - LEGALIZATION surrogacy, TRAP LEGAL

1.1 - THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE PRESENT Surrogacy

[...] A 1994 law (law of 29/071994) sets out the broad principles that confirm the legislative principle of prohibiting the use of surrogate mothers, that the 2004 law did not question:

- the human body, its elements and its products can not be a property right (Article 16 - 1 BGB);

- agreements whose effect is to give a heritage to the human body, its elements or its products are zero (section 16-5 Civil Code);

- any agreement for procreation or gestation on behalf of others is void (Article 16-7 code civil);

[...] Since the issue of surrogacy is regularly debated in France. Several institutions were against legalization, in particular the Parliamentary Office for Evaluation of Scientific and Technological (OPECST) Parliament in November 2008, the State Council in May 2009, the Agency for Biomedicine In September 2009, reinforced by the negative opinion of the National Consultative Ethics Committee of 6 May 2010.

[...] The project law on bioethics, presented by the Council of Ministers October 20, 2010, does not address the issue of surrogacy, including the ban remains, for now, the rule in France.

In other countries the legal situation and practice of surrogacy is very mixed. In Europe, some countries recognize surrogacy, such as Belgium, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, Russia or Greece. Unlike Switzerland, Austria, Spain, Italy and Germany prohibit surrogacy. United States, the situation varies by state. Surrogate mothers are also accepted in Argentina, Iran, Israel and Brazil, for example. In Japan, the national Science Council has proposed in late 2008, a total ban on the practice.

In most cases, the legislation authorizing surrogates are recent and back, essentially, to the years ninety, where the argument of his followers in France a necessary and inevitable trend in which France should register.

The implementation of surrogate mothers everywhere gives rise to compensation, "dressed" in some countries like the United Kingdom under the term modest "compensation" (compensation). The motivations of the sponsors have also been the subject of many studies. The two most common, regardless of the countries studied, are infertile couples and homosexual couples or singles.

[...] In surrogacy agencies, in the more expensive, which may exceed $ 100 000 in the U.S., offer a level of "service" impressive : Total control over the mother, especially health throughout pregnancy and the possibility of "reversion" (including contract guaranteeing the failure of the surrogate mother in case the sponsor changes his mind). The business logic is carried to its height, provided they have the resources, it is possible to avoid almost any approach to be "delivering" a baby.

1.2 - LEGALIZATION surrogates MANY CAUSES OF CONFLICT OF RIGHTS TO OFTEN TRAGIC CONSEQUENCES.

[...] We can group the main types of conflict in three cases:
- The surrogate mother changes her mind and wants to keep the child wants an abortion or otherwise.

- Parents sponsors change their minds and do not want more children.

- Sponsors and surrogate mother are in conflict on the physical conditions of the contract.

[...] Thus, under the pretext of "Advanced Legal "Is leading to the creation of a state law generates a legal mess, and conflicts between people who are particularly complex and traumatic.

1.3 - SHOULD ENTER THE LAW IS COMPLETED?

[...] Among the variety of arguments in favor of legalizing surrogacy is defined as that of persons who, while expressing their discomfort and even rejection of surrogate mothers, consider that legal validation is preferable to maintain the precarious legal where are the families who used surrogates. This is exactly the reasoning when asked to regularize illegal in France but legal in other countries, such as polygamy, on the grounds of the situation actually painful seconds or third wives.

The law does not follow all the "social demand" or all the changes in society, and especially not necessarily adapt to the fait accompli imposed by some people, regardless Despite the difficulties in which these couples are placed in full knowledge of the facts.

1.4 - INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OF FRANCE

[...] The fact of legalizing surrogacy in France:

- n avoid not surrogacy "market" by the sponsors who always want more, especially attracted by the "marketing" companies marketing these "services" beyond our borders, as shown by the example Israel.

- would not prevent advertising in France, via the Internet, the less supervised commercial channels.

- on the contrary increase the use of foreign solutions, morally legitimizing the practice in France. As the practice remains illegal, many people who might be tempted by this solution are deterred by the legal prohibition, and waive recourse to the procedure, risky and expensive, a surrogate mother overseas.

- strengthen the international expansion of this practice by the role of such undeniable that our country has the world on legal matters, and in the field of bioethics.

1.5 - THE LEGAL STATUS OF CHILDREN BORN OF PARENT CARRIER

[...] In practice, speaking, as we often hear of "in the margin our society "for children born abroad to a surrogate mother does not correspond to reality: the absence of transcription the act of foreign civil status does not preclude this condition foreign civilian to be used by parents in everyday life, eg school, health or in dealings with government. Article 47 of the Civil Code has recognized the evidentiary value of the regular act of civil status drawn up outside.

1.6 - RULE OF LAW AND GENETICS CHILD

[...] The sacralization of the genetic link expresses the demand for surrogates seems doubly regressive: firstly, because it creates a de facto hierarchy of kinship at the expense of adopted children and their parents, unfair and dangerous. On the other hand, because it is a vision of genetic parentage for the worrying prospects. The time is not far off when the obsession was the focus of genetic issues of identity and family.

The principle should be asked clearly: there is no "absolute right to the child." Democracy is not only made the balance of freedoms, according to the well-known that the freedom of one ends where the other begins. She is also determined by the balance between rights, which may come into conflict.

The right to have children can not override other rights and obligations, whose superiority needs to be asked: the right to human dignity and duty to society protect the rights of individuals, even against themselves, especially the weakest.

1.7 - A NECESSARY EVOLUTION OF RULES FOR ADOPTION

[...] The number of projects expected to surrogacy in France is paltry compared to the 10 000 applications for adoption filed in France each year.

[...] So the procedure of adoption in France should be improved, including through simplification of procedures (on average it takes nine months for approval) .

2 - THE MARKET surrogacy, NEW FRONTIER OF OPERATION?

[...] The practice observed in all countries where it is permitted causing serious damage and very often a relationship of exploitation between sponsor and surrogate mother.

[...] The operating results illustrated that the conventions both at national level as surrogate mothers are mostly from the underprivileged classes, and between developed and developing countries, because international traffic more organized market which gives rise to surrogates.

[...] Thus, in a 1988 study, the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment found that most couples fall into the categories sponsors favored at higher education level, with income than $ 50 000. In contrast, "most surrogates are around the minimum wage. Only 4% of surrogacy have graduated and more than 40% of them are unemployed and / or depend on public aid. "

2.1 - EXPLOITATION OF WOMEN POOR SOUTH BY NORTHERN

But it is in their size of operation between North and South that the damage which leads the surrogacy are the most obvious: the market for surrogacy is one of the most recent illustrations, and more violent, the exploitation of vulnerable populations in developing countries by residents of developed countries and, more specifically by the "rich people" in developed countries, given the high cost of these approaches.

[...] The case of India is particularly significant, since the practice of surrogacy it develops very rapidly, both through exploitation of poor women by rich women of India and couples come from developed countries, particularly Korea, Japan and the United Kingdom.

[...] Thus, the practice of surrogacy led to the direct exploitation of the poorest in the South by the rich North: little question may seem clearer to progressive and yet it is the name of a "progressive" vision that many wish that France join an international movement still quite resistible.

3 - PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES greatly underestimated

[...] The fact that the relationship between sponsors and parents surrogate necessarily passes through a contractual relationship, not to mention the financial exchange, creates in children the idea that it is also an object, the result of a market transaction. In fact, the contract treats unborn child to something that must be provided by the surrogate parents sponsors.

[...] But the psychological damage is not just the child born of surrogacy. It also focuses on the surrogate itself. However, the trend continuing supporters of surrogacy in euphemism, would, if they paid no heed to forget that for the surrogate, it is a pregnancy like any other.


4 - Surrogates REGRESSIVE CAUSE AND A BAD FIGHT FOR LEFT

4.1 - a new alienation

The practice of surrogacy refers fundamentally to the notion of alienation within the meaning of the transformation capabilities inherent in a particular individual "objects". Here the object is the reproductive function. The surrogate mother puts her uterus at the disposal of others. She no longer lives for himself but for a limited, time to make a baby. To extend the market logic to the reproductive function is take a further step towards the alienation of human beings.

[...] The ultimate disposition is that of his own body: what is behind the practice of surrogacy. It is strange to see people left, though critical of the influence of the market in all areas (health, culture, etc.) be as indifferent to the market of the body.

4.2 - LEGALIZATION surrogacy and prostitution, a clear link

[...] The principles laid down today in French law that impede the practice of surrogacy is also a fundamental obstacle to the normalization of prostitution.

4.3 - THE FUTURE

rapid advances of science in biotechnology require to ask the question already of "suite" and can imagine a near future where technology uterus transplant, even in the longer term, ectogenesis (technologies extra-corporeal gestation) open new perspectives.

Vacation Rentals Senior Week Ocean City Maryland

surrogates: extending the field of alienation

Signatories Note


Laure Adler, Sylviane Agacinski, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Danielle Bousquet, Laurent Bouvet, Nicole Bricq Alain Christnacht Alain Claes, Dominique To top of nayvi, Caroline De Haas, Laurence Dumont Caroline Eliacheff, Rene Frydman, Roger Godino, Elisabeth Guigou, Gisele Halimi, Benoit Hamon, Lionel Jospin, Daniele Jourdain-Menninger, Hakim El Karaoui, Laforestrie Bruno, Olivier Lyon-Caen, Bertrand Mabille, Philippe Mauguin, Nina Mitz, Jean Peyrelevade, Michel Rocard, Maurice Ronai, Sabban, Florence Schmidt Pariset, Catherine Tasca, Serge Telle, Jean-Philippe Thiellay, Jean-Noel Tronc, François Véron, François Villeroy de Galhau


They will be supporting the stance taken against the legalization of surrogacy in France:



Patricia Adam, Member of Finistère)
Delphine Batho, MP for Deux-Sevres
Marie-Odile Bouille, Member of the Loire-Atlantique
Monique Boulestin, Member of the Haute-Vienne
Crozon Pascale, MP Rhone
Michele Delaunay, Member of the Gironde
Bernard Derosier, MP North
Laurence Dumont, MP for Calvados

Martine Faure, Member of the Gironde
Genevieve Fioraso, Member of the Isere
Genisson Catherine, Member of the Pas-de-Calais
Armand Jung, Deputy of the Bas-Rhin
Marietta Karamanli, Deputy of the Sarthe
Catherine Quere, MP for the Charente-Maritime
Rogemont Marcel, MP, Ille-et-Vilaine
Marisol Touraine, Member of the Indre-et-Loire
Vuilque Philip, MP Ardennes
Guy Delcourt, Mayor Lens
Philippe Duron, MP for Calvados
Jean Yves the Déau t MP Meurthe et Moselle

Kader Arif, MEP
Stephane Le Foll, MEP


Nicole PERY, former Secretary of State for Women's Rights and Vocational Training
Laurence Rossignol, Vice-President of the Picardy Region, National Secretary to the Environment Socialist Party
Dominique Gillot, Mayor Eragny, former Secretary of State for Health
Clotilde Valter, a member of the National Socialist Party
Cecilia Escobar, Deputy Mayor of Cergy ;
Dominique Gillot, Mayor Eragny, former Secretary of State for Health
Alain Lhostis, Counsellor of Paris, former deputy president of the AP-HP from 2001 to 2008


Cecilia Alvergnat, former member of the CNIL
Jean-Claude Ameisen, Chairman of the Ethics Committee of INSERM
Constance Canivet
Agnes JEANNET
Brigitte Joseph Jeanneney IGAS
Bettina Laville, lawyer
Michela Marazano philosopher
Olga Trostiansky, president of the French Coalition lobby European Women (CLEF)

Si vous souhaitez vous joindre à cette démarche, vous pouvez écrire  à l'adresse suivante :  nonalagpa@gmail.com


Dans votre message, merci de préciser si vous souhaitez que votre nom apparaisse sur ce site, aux côtés  des actuels signataires.








Mères porteuses : extension du domaine de l'aliénation
(Synthèse de la note)



A l’approche de la révision de la loi bioéthique, plusieurs initiatives ont été prises ces derniers mois en faveur d’une légalisation des mères porteuses, ou gestation pour autrui (GPA), en France. Ainsi, deux propositions de loi allant dans ce sens ont été déposées en des termes identiques au Sénat le 27 janvier 2010. En février 2010, une note de la fondation Terra Nova, rédigée par un groupe de travail sur la bioéthique, s’est in favor of legalization.

Yet even within the foundation Terra Nova, some members of the board of directors and scientific advisory council has instead expressed strongly against the legalization of the practice France.

This paper arise from the interaction of a focus group involving people with different backgrounds, united in a common hostility to the idea of such legalization. It aims to expose the arguments of opponents This legalization and stresses the use of surrogate mothers is absolutely contrary to any kind of commitment "progressive."

This hostility is determined primarily based on the conviction that the use of surrogate mothers is part of a deeply reactionary logic for women's rights, in that it involves manipulation of the female body .

Far follow the logic of a "liberal parenting" in the words of his supporters, the use of surrogate mothers induces a regressive vision of parenthood, the superiority of the biological link that inevitably arises in other types of descent, particularly on adoption.

Wherever it has been legalized in the world, the practice of surrogacy in practice result in a new operation, radical in the sense that it is taking control over life a human being for nine months, and usually a relationship of inequality and alienation among affluent sponsors and surrogates often disadvantaged recruited by companies with market practices more or less detrimental to human dignity.

Its legalization would open the way for further questioned: giving power to others about the pregnancy of a woman, it could threaten the right to abortion by recognizing the right contract to dispose of her body to others, it would facilitate the emergence of a legal framework that would not fail to use the promoters of prostitution.

Through our work, based on a study concrete reality of surrogacy in the world, we arrive at this simple conclusion that there is no in-between as possible. The idea of a framework for the practice by its legalization is a chimera.

The practice, which exists in many countries for many years, led everywhere to the same consequences. Far from solving difficult cases, the legalization of surrogacy would cause a decline in the rule of law in France and cause painful conflicts between sponsors and surrogates, conflict whose victims are children.

The plight of parents who want but can not, having children must be heard. The answer lies in a responsible debate that recalls that there is no "right to a child, but also by improving the conditions of adoption, including international, for which France can act.

The desire of homosexuals who wish to access, they too, seamlessly, parenthood, should be taken into account, even if the relationship is homosexual debate Note that this does not settle. In addition, the realization of this desire by the adoption meet the limits, especially because of the ban on adoption by single people in many countries.

For those who call today to solutions which exist outside of France for use of surrogate mothers, they place themselves outside the law and they are complicit in practices that call disapproval, not recognition.

legalization of surrogacy in France would stop in rien les dégâts constatés à l’étranger. Elle nourrirait au contraire ce commerce du corps féminin qu’il faut combattre avec résolution, en particulier dans ses conséquences scandaleuses pour les femmes les plus défavorisées, celles des pays en voie de développement contraintes à cette nouvelle forme d’exploitation.

Demain, d’autres combats vont devoir être menés pour la cause des femmes et la défense des acquis progressistes. La disparition du servage et l’abolition de la domesticité au XVIIIème siècle, l’abolition définitive de l’esclavage au XIXème century, the end of the legal inferiority of women in the twentieth century are all essential steps in the march towards progress of French society. The inalienability of the human person must be dedicated to the twenty-first century.

Hopefully our country will stand firm in its rejection of catastrophic decline that would be the legalization of surrogate mothers, but also that we find the path to a truly progressive struggle, one that would see France engage in international action for the abolition of this practice retrograde.




Extracts from the note


1 - LEGALIZATION surrogacy, TRAP LEGAL

1.1 - THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE PRESENT Surrogacy

[...] A 1994 law (law of 29/071994) sets out the broad principles that confirm the legislative principle of prohibiting the use of surrogate mothers, that the 2004 law did not question:

- the human body, its elements and its products can not be a property right (Article 16 - 1 BGB);

- agreements whose effect is to give a heritage to the human body, its elements or its products are zero (section 16-5 Civil Code);

- any agreement for procreation or gestation on behalf of others is void (Article 16-7 code civil);

[...] Since the issue of surrogacy is regularly debated in France. Several institutions were against legalization, in particular the Parliamentary Office for Evaluation of Scientific and Technological (OPECST) Parliament in November 2008, the State Council in May 2009, the Agency for Biomedicine In September 2009, reinforced by the negative opinion of the National Consultative Ethics Committee of 6 May 2010.

[...] The project law on bioethics, presented by the Council of Ministers October 20, 2010, does not address the issue of surrogacy, including the ban remains, for now, the rule in France.

In other countries the legal situation and practice of surrogacy is very mixed. In Europe, some countries recognize surrogacy, such as Belgium, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, Russia or Greece. Unlike Switzerland, Austria, Spain, Italy and Germany prohibit surrogacy. United States, the situation varies by state. Surrogate mothers are also accepted in Argentina, Iran, Israel and Brazil, for example. In Japan, the national Science Council has proposed in late 2008, a total ban on the practice.

In most cases, the legislation authorizing surrogates are recent and back, essentially, to the years ninety, where the argument of his followers in France a necessary and inevitable trend in which France should register.

The implementation of surrogate mothers everywhere gives rise to compensation, "dressed" in some countries like the United Kingdom under the term modest "compensation" (compensation). The motivations of the sponsors have also been the subject of many studies. The two most common, regardless of the countries studied, are infertile couples and homosexual couples or singles.

[...] In surrogacy agencies, in the more expensive, which may exceed $ 100 000 in the U.S., offer a level of "service" impressive : Total control over the mother, especially health throughout pregnancy and the possibility of "reversion" (including contract guaranteeing the failure of the surrogate mother in case the sponsor changes his mind). The business logic is carried to its height, provided they have the resources, it is possible to avoid almost any approach to be "delivering" a baby.

1.2 - LEGALIZATION surrogates MANY CAUSES OF CONFLICT OF RIGHTS TO OFTEN TRAGIC CONSEQUENCES.

[...] We can group the main types of conflict in three cases:
- The surrogate mother changes her mind and wants to keep the child wants an abortion or otherwise.

- Parents sponsors change their minds and do not want more children.

- Sponsors and surrogate mother are in conflict on the physical conditions of the contract.

[...] Thus, under the pretext of "Advanced Legal "Is leading to the creation of a state law generates a legal mess, and conflicts between people who are particularly complex and traumatic.

1.3 - SHOULD ENTER THE LAW IS COMPLETED?

[...] Among the variety of arguments in favor of legalizing surrogacy is defined as that of persons who, while expressing their discomfort and even rejection of surrogate mothers, consider that legal validation is preferable to maintain the precarious legal where are the families who used surrogates. This is exactly the reasoning when asked to regularize illegal in France but legal in other countries, such as polygamy, on the grounds of the situation actually painful seconds or third wives.

The law does not follow all the "social demand" or all the changes in society, and especially not necessarily adapt to the fait accompli imposed by some people, regardless Despite the difficulties in which these couples are placed in full knowledge of the facts.

1.4 - INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OF FRANCE

[...] The fact of legalizing surrogacy in France:

- n avoid not surrogacy "market" by the sponsors who always want more, especially attracted by the "marketing" companies marketing these "services" beyond our borders, as shown by the example Israel.

- would not prevent advertising in France, via the Internet, the less supervised commercial channels.

- on the contrary increase the use of foreign solutions, morally legitimizing the practice in France. As the practice remains illegal, many people who might be tempted by this solution are deterred by the legal prohibition, and waive recourse to the procedure, risky and expensive, a surrogate mother overseas.

- strengthen the international expansion of this practice by the role of such undeniable that our country has the world on legal matters, and in the field of bioethics.

1.5 - THE LEGAL STATUS OF CHILDREN BORN OF PARENT CARRIER

[...] In practice, speaking, as we often hear of "in the margin our society "for children born abroad to a surrogate mother does not correspond to reality: the absence of transcription the act of foreign civil status does not preclude this condition foreign civilian to be used by parents in everyday life, eg school, health or in dealings with government. Article 47 of the Civil Code has recognized the evidentiary value of the regular act of civil status drawn up outside.

1.6 - RULE OF LAW AND GENETICS CHILD

[...] The sacralization of the genetic link expresses the demand for surrogates seems doubly regressive: firstly, because it creates a de facto hierarchy of kinship at the expense of adopted children and their parents, unfair and dangerous. On the other hand, because it is a vision of genetic parentage for the worrying prospects. The time is not far off when the obsession was the focus of genetic issues of identity and family.

The principle should be asked clearly: there is no "absolute right to the child." Democracy is not only made the balance of freedoms, according to the well-known that the freedom of one ends where the other begins. She is also determined by the balance between rights, which may come into conflict.

The right to have children can not override other rights and obligations, whose superiority needs to be asked: the right to human dignity and duty to society protect the rights of individuals, even against themselves, especially the weakest.

1.7 - A NECESSARY EVOLUTION OF RULES FOR ADOPTION

[...] The number of projects expected to surrogacy in France is paltry compared to the 10 000 applications for adoption filed in France each year.

[...] So the procedure of adoption in France should be improved, including through simplification of procedures (on average it takes nine months for approval) .

2 - THE MARKET surrogacy, NEW FRONTIER OF OPERATION?

[...] The practice observed in all countries where it is permitted causing serious damage and very often a relationship of exploitation between sponsor and surrogate mother.

[...] The operating results illustrated that the conventions both at national level as surrogate mothers are mostly from the underprivileged classes, and between developed and developing countries, because international traffic more organized market which gives rise to surrogates.

[...] Thus, in a 1988 study, the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment found that most couples fall into the categories sponsors favored at higher education level, with income than $ 50 000. In contrast, "most surrogates are around the minimum wage. Only 4% of surrogacy have graduated and more than 40% of them are unemployed and / or depend on public aid. "

2.1 - EXPLOITATION OF WOMEN POOR SOUTH BY NORTHERN

But it is in their size of operation between North and South that the damage which leads the surrogacy are the most obvious: the market for surrogacy is one of the most recent illustrations, and more violent, the exploitation of vulnerable populations in developing countries by residents of developed countries and, more specifically by the "rich people" in developed countries, given the high cost of these approaches.

[...] The case of India is particularly significant, since the practice of surrogacy it develops very rapidly, both through exploitation of poor women by rich women of India and couples come from developed countries, particularly Korea, Japan and the United Kingdom.

[...] Thus, the practice of surrogacy led to the direct exploitation of the poorest in the South by the rich North: little question may seem clearer to progressive and yet it is the name of a "progressive" vision that many wish that France join an international movement still quite resistible.

3 - PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES greatly underestimated

[...] The fact that the relationship between sponsors and parents surrogate necessarily passes through a contractual relationship, not to mention the financial exchange, creates in children the idea that it is also an object, the result of a market transaction. In fact, the contract treats unborn child to something that must be provided by the surrogate parents sponsors.

[...] But the psychological damage is not just the child born of surrogacy. It also focuses on the surrogate itself. However, the trend continuing supporters of surrogacy in euphemism, would, if they paid no heed to forget that for the surrogate, it is a pregnancy like any other.


4 - Surrogates REGRESSIVE CAUSE AND A BAD FIGHT FOR LEFT

4.1 - a new alienation

The practice of surrogacy refers fundamentally to the notion of alienation within the meaning of the transformation capabilities inherent in a particular individual "objects". Here the object is the reproductive function. The surrogate mother puts her uterus at the disposal of others. She no longer lives for himself but for a limited, time to make a baby. To extend the market logic to the reproductive function is take a further step towards the alienation of human beings.

[...] The ultimate disposition is that of his own body: what is behind the practice of surrogacy. It is strange to see people left, though critical of the influence of the market in all areas (health, culture, etc.) be as indifferent to the market of the body.

4.2 - LEGALIZATION surrogacy and prostitution, a clear link

[...] The principles laid down today in French law that impede the practice of surrogacy is also a fundamental obstacle to the normalization of prostitution.

4.3 - THE FUTURE

rapid advances of science in biotechnology require to ask the question already of "suite" and can imagine a near future where technology uterus transplant, even in the longer term, ectogenesis (technologies extra-corporeal gestation) open new perspectives.